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Lymph node stromal cell
Lymph node stromal cells are essential to the structure and function of the lymph node, in particular, and the immune system, in general. There are a number of different types of lymph node stromal cells which have a number of functions including: creating a tissue scaffold within lymph nodes for the support of hematopoietic cells; the release of small molecules that are chemical messengers that facilitate interactions between hematopoietic cells; the facilitation of the migration of hematopoietic cells; the presentation of antigens to immune cells at the initiation of the adaptive immune system; and the homeostasis of lymphocyte numbers.〔Malhotra D et al "Stromal and hematopoietic cells in secondary lymphoid organs: partners in immunity." Immunol Rev January 2013 251(1) p160 - 176 doi:10.1111/imr.12023 PMID 23278748 PMC3539229.〕 Stromal cells originate from a common precursor cell in the mesenchyme.〔Mebius R. ("Stromal immunology group inaugural meeting." ) British Society for Immunology website 15 March 2012. Accessed 20 March 2014.〕
== Structure ==
Lymph nodes are enclosed in an external fibrous capsule and from this capsule, thin walls of sinew called ''trabeculae'', penetrate into the lymph node, partially dividing it. Beneath the external capsule and along the courses of the trabeculae, are ''peritrabecular'' and ''subcapsular sinuses''. These sinuses are cavities containing macrophages (specialised cells which help to keep the extracellular matrix in order).
The interior of the lymph node has two regions: the cortex and the medulla. In the cortex, lymphoid tissue is organized into nodules. In the nodules, T lymphocytes (cells which help to fight viruses) are located in the ''T cell zone''. B lymphocytes (cells which help to fight certain bacteria) are located in the ''B cell follicle''. The primary B cell follicle matures in a ''germinal'' center. In the medulla are hematopoietic cells (which contribute to the formation of the blood) and stromal cells.
Near the medulla is the hilum of lymph node. This is the place where blood vessels enter and leave the lymph node and lymphatic vessels leave the lymph node. Lymph vessels entering the node do so along the perimeter (outer surface).〔Cihak R. "Anatomie." Grada publishing 1997, first edition.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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